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钙果苗

日期:2019-09-02     点击:302    展开全部     查看原图
简介:












详细说明
     钙果苗 钙果苗价格++钙果苗价格++钙果苗价格 钙果苗-钙果苗-钙果苗 千亩钙果苗批发基地 1年钙果苗价格 2年钙果苗-50公分钙果苗: 1年钙果苗价格1元/棵, 2年钙果苗价格1.5元/棵, 3年钙果苗价格2元/棵 ,1年钙果苗高度20公分起步,2年钙果苗40公分起步,3年钙果苗60公分起步钙果苗属于小灌木,长不大。

  钙果苗基地品种有3号,4号,5号,6号,7号,8号,9号,10钙果苗!出售1-2-3年钙果苗500万棵 山西钙果苗批发基地

   钙果苗就是欧李(学名:Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok.):因果实含钙高又称高钙果。灌木,高0.4-1.5米。小枝灰褐色或棕褐色,被短柔毛。冬芽卵形,疏被短柔毛或几无毛。叶片倒卵状长椭圆形或倒卵状披针形,上面深绿色,无毛,下面浅绿色,无毛或被稀疏短柔毛,侧脉6-8对。花单生或2-3花簇生,花叶同开;花瓣白色或粉红色,长圆形或倒卵形;雄蕊30-35枚。核果成熟后近球形,红色或紫红色,直径1.5-1.8厘米;核表面除背部两侧外无棱纹。花期4-5月,果期6-10月。

生于阳坡砂地、山地灌丛中,或庭园栽培,海拔100-1800米。产中国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、河南。

种仁入药,有利尿、缓下作用,主治大便燥结、小便不利。果实酸甜可口,风味独特,营养丰富,其钙和铁的含量为水果之。 每100克果肉中含钙360 毫克、铁58毫克。

(概述图片参考资料来源: [1]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" />  )

  • 中文学名

  • 欧李

  • 拉丁学名

  • Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok.

  • 别    称

  • 钙果、高钙果、乌拉奈、酸丁

  • 植物界

  • 被子植物门

  • 双子叶植物纲

  • 亚    纲

  • 原始花被亚纲

  • 蔷薇目

  • 亚    目

  • 蔷薇亚目

  • 蔷薇科

  • 亚    科

  • 李亚科

  • 樱属

  • 欧李

  • 命名者及年代

  • Sok., 1954

目录

  1. 1 形态特征

  2. 2 产地生境

  3. 3 生长习性

  4. 4 繁殖方式

  5.  播种

  6.  扦插

  7.  分蘖

  8.  嫁接

  9. 5 栽培技术

  10.  选地整地

  11.  栽植时间

  12.  植株行距

  13.  浇水施肥

  14.  修剪苗木

  15.  疏枝疏果

  16. 6 病虫防治

  17.  蚜虫类

  18.  多毛小蠹

  19.  春尺蠖

  20.  杨梦尼夜蛾

  21.  白星花金龟

  22.  红蝽和叶蝉

  23.  病害及杂草

  24.  防治措施

  25. 7 主要用途

  26.  经济

  27.  医药

  28.  食用

  29.  绿化

  30.  固土

  31.  饲料

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形态特征

编辑

 

欧李

欧李(7张)

欧李是灌木植物,高0.4-1.5米。小枝灰褐色或棕褐色,被短柔毛。冬芽卵形,疏被短柔毛或几无毛。叶片倒卵状长椭圆形或倒卵状披针形,长2.5-5厘米,宽1-2厘米,中部以上宽,先端急尖或短渐尖,基部楔形,边有单锯齿或重锯齿,上面深绿色,无毛,下面浅绿色,无毛或被稀疏短柔毛,侧脉6-8对;叶柄长2-4毫米,无毛或被稀疏短柔毛;托叶线形,长5-6毫米,边有腺体。 [2]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

 

花单生或2-3花簇生,花叶同开;花梗长5-10毫米,被稀疏短柔毛;萼筒长宽近相等,约3毫米,外面被稀疏柔毛,萼片三角卵圆形,先端急尖或圆钝;花瓣白色或粉红色,长圆形或倒卵形;雄蕊30-35枚;花柱与雄蕊近等长,无毛。

核果成熟后近球形,红色或紫红色,直径1.5-1.8厘米;核表面除背部两侧外无棱纹。花期4-5月,果期6-10月。 [2]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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产地生境

编辑

产中国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、河南。生于阳坡砂地、山地灌丛中,或庭园栽培,海拔100-1800米。欧李一般在变化较大的垂直高大山脉和背阴坡分布很少或没有,而缓坡、丘陵区、梯田向阳面分布多。分布与海拔高度无明显差异,一般海拔300-1800米年的地方均有分布。 [2]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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生长习性

编辑

欧李具有特殊的抗旱本领,适合干旱地区种植。旱时能避旱,雨季能蓄积水。

钙果

钙果(5张)

 在干旱的春季,欧李不仅叶片含水量较高,而且保水力强。欧李叶片小而厚,虽然气孔密度大,但气孔小,水分散失的少。在干旱季节地上部生长速度减缓,土壤植株基部产生多量基生芽,这些芽不萌发,一旦遇到降雨时基生芽可形成地下茎在土壤中伸长,形成根状茎或萌出地表形成新的植株。这种生理特点是欧李抗旱的内在因素。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

 

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繁殖方式

编辑

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播种

采集成熟果实,调制出种子凉干,在阴凉通风处贮藏。元旦前后进行层积处理:于背阴处挖深、宽各1m,长度随种子多少而定的贮藏沟。选用大河沙,河沙的湿度以手握成团扔之即散为好,底部铺20cm的河沙,然后一层河沙一层种子,距地面20cm时全部用河沙封平,然后用土封成高于地面20cm的土堆,种子多时每隔一米竖一草把,以利通气,天冷时应盖上草毡。3月初当种子有15%破壳露芽时即可播种。采用穴播,行距40cm,株距15cm,每穴3粒,覆土3-4cm然后用地膜进行覆盖,出苗率可达85%以上。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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扦插

育苗于5月上旬选择优良单株,采集当年生半木质化粗度在0.4cm以上的插条,长度8-10cm,上面平口,下面斜口,采后立即去叶,只留上部1-2片小叶,立即插入清水中放阴凉处。为提高生根率,可用生根粉浸泡基部20分钟。选用干净的河沙作基质,厚度20cm,上盖塑料布和遮阳网,扦插株行距5-8cm,插时先用稍粗于插条的小棍插孔,再插入插条,然后壅严。插完后及时浇透水并进行叶面喷水,每天喷水3-5次,保持叶片不失水。插后每3天喷1次0.2%的多菌灵或甲基托布津预防病害,这样经过15-20天就可生根。生根半个月后经炼苗,选择阴天的傍晚移栽至苗圃,前期喷0.3%的尿素,后期喷0.3%磷酸二氢钾,精心管理,当年可长30-40cm,次年即可开花。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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分蘖

在落叶后至发芽前均可进行。于冬初挖取0.5-1cm粗的根,剪成15-18cm长,50根一捆,系上品种标签,进行沙藏,翌年2月下旬至3月上旬进行埋根,株行距15-35cm,上端与地面平,埋后浇透水然后盖地膜,可增温保湿,提高出苗率、成苗率。欧李根蘖苗多,可于春季芽萌动前挖出根蘖苗归圃。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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嫁接

欧李生长慢,枝条细,嫁接多采用生长一年的苗子,于早春采用枝接法。对于劣质品种也可于春季采用枝接法改接优良品种。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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栽培技术

编辑

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选地整地

荒山造林可选择阳坡、半阳坡、坡度较缓、上层较厚 的山坡地。采用水平阶整地,阶宽1米,深度0.5米,长度随山势而定,里低外高,草皮覆于埂沿拦截雨水。大田建园一般地块即可,但有灌溉 条件。也可在乔木果树行间、梯田地边栽种。栽前深翻1次,多施有机肥。平地、坡地可单独建园,地埂、田边也可种植,在通风透光较好的乔木果树行间也可间作。平地可整成埂宽0.3米、畦宽1.2米的小畦。坡地可按等高线深翻筑埂,埂高埂宽可依坡度不同灵活掌握,等高线间距以1.0-1.5米为宜,平地深翻前要将有机肥、磷肥平铺于地表,翻地时注意将粪块、土块打碎,将两者混合均匀,深度可掌握在40cm左右。坡地按等高线施肥挖壕深翻时,一定注意用深层土做埂,且要把埂踩实做坚,以减少地表径流和保证长期蓄水。在坡地栽植,选半阳坡和阳坡地块。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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栽植时间

时间好在秋季欧李落叶后至土壤封冻前进行,也可在春季上壤解冻后至芽萌动前,裸根苗可在春、秋两季栽植。春栽,好在春季芽未膨大前栽植,北方地区一般为3月上旬栽。营养钵装的绿体苗,在春、夏、秋三季均可栽植,但越早越好,秋栽晚时间,应是能使苗子栽后还可再生长一个月,这样一般可保证小苗正常越冬。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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植株行距

平地可按0.5米×0.5米的密度定植。为充分利用土地、管理方便和更多早期收益。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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浇水施肥

欧李虽然抗旱耐瘠,但因产量大,有了充足的水肥才能保证欧李的高产稳产。因此在有条件的地方,浇水追肥还是十分必要的。一般每年追肥三次就行,分别在开花前、果实膨大期和采收后进行。根施以果树复合肥为好。并在肥料中加入5-10千克硫酸亚铁(黑矾)。一般每次每亩60千克左右,采取顺行沟施比撒施效果好,每次追肥应结合浇水进行。果实膨大后期还应叶面追肥二次以上,叶面喷施可选用尿素、磷酸二氢钾、有机铁肥等,以弥补果实发育对养分的急需。浇水时间及次数可视土壤缺水情况而定,春季次数宜少每次需饱,这样有利于提高地温,花期好不要浇水,以防潮湿烂花。土地封冻前要浇好浇足封冻水,以利根系抗冻和减轻下一年早春的干旱。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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修剪苗木

栽后的苗木对地上部要适当短剪,粗度小于l毫米以下的分枝彻底疏除,枝条长于30cm的分枝短剪到25-30cm,苗木的主干一般保持30-40cm,上端大约有5-10cm的发育不充实区剪掉。地下部萌出的根芽一般在**年保留1个,离母株远一些,第2年保持l-2个,以后视主丛枝的发育情况定苗。主丛枝一般3-5年进行彻底更新,新的主丛以新长出的根孽为主进行培养,结果枝可随意结果,也可短剪到15-20cm,视枝条的粗度而定。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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疏枝疏果

对一年以上的大苗在早春要适当短剪。基部粗度小于1毫米的分枝应全部彻底疏除,对过长的分枝可短剪到30cm以下,苗木的主干一般保持30-40cm,上端大约5-10cm的枝条一般发育不充实应剪除。地下部萌出的基生枝和根蘖前三年一般每年可保留1-2个,如果保留过多,原主丛枝便会很快衰弱。以后不保留或保留多少视前主丛枝的发育而定。以后每年对一些发育弱的上部枝要进行更新修剪,对多年生的主杆可采取短剪回缩,使其达到单个株丛有根蘖和基生枝6-7个,一年生健壮分枝20-30个。为获得较高的产量和较大的果子,一般每年每株可留200个左右果实,将其分布在3-4个基生枝、十几个左右的分枝上。疏果时期可在果实长到黄豆大小时进行。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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病虫防治

编辑

为害欧李的害虫主要为同翅目蚜科(蚜虫类),半翅目红蝽科,同翅目叶蝉科,鞘翅目小蠹科(多毛小蠹),鞘翅目金龟甲科(白星花金龟),鳞翅目尺蛾科(春尺蠖)、夜蛾科(杨梦尼夜蛾)、卷蛾科(食心虫)等,少见病害发生。其中欧李开花期蚜虫危害较重,被害率在70%以上,虫情指数0.4-0.5;结果期以白星花金龟危害较重,被害率为8%,虫情指数0.3。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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蚜虫类

为害欧李的蚜虫类害虫主要有棉黑蚜、甘蓝蚜、桃蚜、萝卜蚜等。这几种蚜虫在欧李园混合发生,主要在欧李开花期发生较多,被害率在70%以上,虫情指数为0.4-0.5。成蚜和若蚜集中于幼嫩的果枝、叶片下,造成叶面卷曲皱缩,严重时整株枯萎。蚜虫为害期,果枝上也可见其天敌,如七星瓢虫、丽草蛉、黑带食蚜蝇、蚜茧蜂、蜘蛛等。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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多毛小蠹

会造成欧李枝梢萎蔫、叶片枯黄甚至落叶的现象,造成这种现象的原因是蠹虫钻蛀果枝所致。该虫1年发生2代,世代重叠,9月下旬以老熟幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫于4月上旬开始化蛹,4月中旬达化蛹盛期,4月下旬开始羽化,5月上旬为羽化盛期,5月下旬为末期;成虫以12:00-20:00出孔量多,占出孔总数的81.3%;成虫无趋光性。代幼虫于5月底6月初开始化蛹,7月上旬为羽化高峰,7月下旬羽化结束。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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春尺蠖

春尺蠖是早春害虫,幼虫主要为害果树叶片,常暴食成灾,可将刚发芽的嫩叶及嫩芽全部吃光,对果树林木生长影响很大。该虫1年发生1代,以蛹在树冠下16-30cm深土壤中越夏并越冬,3月下旬为羽化盛期,4月中下旬为幼虫暴食为害期,5月上中旬达化蛹盛期。春尺蠖是一种转型滞育的害虫,蛹在8月发育成熟,但直至次年早春才羽化出土。于5月上旬在欧李种植地进行调查,春尺蠖4龄幼虫和老熟幼虫(未入土)为害率约为1%。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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杨梦尼夜蛾

杨梦尼夜蛾是春季树木暴食蛀食叶片害虫之一。幼虫在4月下旬出现高峰期。杨梦尼夜蛾1年发生1代,以蛹在土壤中越冬和越夏,翌年3月上旬成虫羽化,4月中下旬是孵化高峰期,初孵化幼虫有钻蛀芽孢和幼果的习性,1个芽孢有时有6-7头幼虫为害。各龄期幼虫基本都在叶片背面活动,幼虫期约1个月。5月中下旬幼虫老熟,大多数沿着树干下树,在阴暗低洼较潮湿的土壤内化蛹,入土深度一般5-7mm,蛹期长达9个半月。成虫趋光性很强。于5月上旬在欧李种植地进行调查,发现杨梦尼夜蛾老熟幼虫为害率为0.8%。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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白星花金龟

白星花金龟为害期长,1年发生1代,以中龄或近老熟幼虫在土中越冬,成虫5月上旬出现,6月底7月初至8月中旬是为害盛期。成虫有聚集为害特点,常群集为害成熟的果实,也可在树干或烂皮等处吸食汁液,树干四周留存大量的分泌物,影响树体生长和美观。7月中旬至8月中旬为欧李果实成熟期,白星花金龟对欧李果实的为害率为8%,虫情指数0.3,个别地区该虫发生较为严重,应注意及时防治。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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红蝽和叶蝉

成虫和若虫均以刺吸式口器吸吮欧李叶片及枝条,特别喜欢为害幼嫩的芽、叶片和花蕾;被害处呈黄白色斑点,叶片被害严重时干枯死亡;花及花蕾受害,造成萎蔫脱落。采集欧李果实时,可见食心虫类害虫零星发生。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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病害及杂草

欧李少见病害发生,偶有种植地块发生过白粉病,但发生程度较轻。其他害虫还有欧李种植地杂草种类多,生长势强,与欧李争光、争肥、争水,同时造成通风透光不良,也是造成田间害虫种类多的原因之一,初步记载,杂草有灰藜、田旋花、芦苇、狗尾草、稗、苍耳、苦苣菜、车前、苣荬菜、野西瓜苗、苦豆子、蒺藜、反枝苋、匾蓄等。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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防治措施

欧李在新疆地区种植时间较短,总体来说病虫害发生较轻、较少,但是还应注意采取控制措施,预防或减少病虫害发生,具体综合防治措施如下。

  1. 农业防治对引进品种进一步梳理,观察病虫类群在欧李不同品种间的适应性表现,同时合理布局。当前欧李种植区域多与其他作物插花种植,病虫害种类多且复杂,特别要注意观测害虫食性的特化和泛化等的变化,避免出现次要害虫上升为主要害虫的现象和人为增加病虫为害的情况。再者,加强欧李果树的田间管理,合理水肥,及时疏枝疏果,清除有虫枝条和老弱枝,增加通风透光,增强欧李长势。第三,勤松土,适时除草,可以有效地减少杂草与欧李争水、争肥,同时要注意保留一定杂草带,保证一定数量的天敌类群。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

  2. 物理防治针对目前欧李种植园的害虫发生情况,及时做好预防工作,积极开展物理措施进行防控。秋末休眠、早春发芽前可采用堆沙法防治春尺蠖和杨梦尼夜蛾,减少出土成虫的种群数量;在欧李园周围有大量温室或大棚种植时,早春要消灭蚜虫虫源,待有翅蚜迁飞前期或初期(4月中旬)及时悬挂黄色粘虫板进行防治;果实成熟期防治白星花金龟,可采用糖醋诱杀液、毒饵诱杀、灯光诱杀,或进行驱避,或人工捕捉。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

  3. 保护自然天敌:在欧李种植地块,有较多自然天敌种类,应该加强对自然天敌生物的保护和利用,充分发挥自然控制因素的作用。

  4. 化学防治根据欧李病虫的实际发生情况,必要时实施农药防治。如目前在新疆欧李种植过程中,蚜虫为害十分严重,超过敌蚜比,在5-6月,使用2.5%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂2000倍液、3%啶虫脒乳油1500倍液等药剂喷药防治,每隔7-10天喷1次药,连喷2-3次即可。休眠期或发芽前,也可喷石硫合剂,均可减少其他病虫的发生。注意结果期不适合药剂防治。 [4]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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主要用途

编辑

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经济

欧李的生物类群和果实类型繁多,是宝贵的育种材料。由于欧李植株矮小,生长快,结果能力强,可以作为"草地果园"栽培,利用地埂、边角地栽种,效益非常好。也可以作为一般乔木果园间作种植,一般当年就开花、结果,亩产可达100千克,第二年亩产可达300到500千克,第三年亩产可达1000到1500千克;欧李果的市场售价比较高,每千克达10到20元,每亩可收入可达数千元甚至上万元。如果利用温室栽培,可实现周年上市,效益更高。枝条可以编成各类手工艺品。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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医药

【蒙药】乌拉柰,伯拉素:种子用于大便秘结,水肿,尿少《蒙药》。

【朝药】种子治小便不利,四肢浮肿《图朝药》。

种子(郁李仁):辛、苦、甘,平。润燥滑肠,下气,利水。用于津枯肠燥,食积气滞,腹胀便秘,水肿,脚气,小便淋痛。 [5]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

药用功能欧李是传统中药郁李仁的主要原植物,具有清热、利水之功效,每千克售价近百元。郁李仁是一种常用中药,已有2000多年的使用历史。“郁李仁含李苷(Prunuside)、苦杏仁苷、脂肪油。性平,味辛、苦,能润肠通便、利尿消肿;用于大便秘结、小便不利、水肿。”欧李有利尿、缓泻作用;郁李仁酊剂有显著的降血压作用;李苷有明显的泻下作用。欧李的根在民间偏方中用来治疗静脉曲张和脉管炎,有较好的治疗作用。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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食用

欧李果实有红色、黄色、紫色,鲜艳诱人,果味鲜美可口,是城市高档果的选择。欧李所含的钙是天然活性钙,易吸收,利用率高,是老人、儿童补钙的果品。

欧李历史上曾被作为贡品供给皇室享用。特别是钙的含量居于所有水果之首。据测定,每100克欧李鲜果含蛋白质1.5克,维生素C47克,钙360毫克,铁58毫克。欧李还富含糖、维生素B以及人体所必需的多种微量元素及17种氨基酸,果实可食率可达90%以上,出汁率80%左右,可溶性固形物为10%-15%。风味酸甜,香气浓郁,果实可以加工成果汁、果酒、果醋、果奶、罐头,果脯等食品。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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绿化

欧李株丛小,花朵密集,十分美观。利用不同花色的欧李,在庭院、公园、街道、高速公路两旁等地栽植花坛或者花篱,能够形成春天观花、夏天赏叶、秋天品果的环境效果,给人以美不胜收的享受。用做观赏植物栽培:欧李株丛矮,花团锦簇,十分美观。花色多样,花形与樱花相似,花期相近,而且其灌木状与乔木状的樱花可形成错落有致、相得益彰的观赏效果,所以有人称之为“中国樱花”,用欧李作盆景,其株型紧凑,果实艳丽夺目,既可观赏,也可食用,一举两得。园林可作为灌木花带、灌木球配置。其适应范围广,栽培成活率极高,是荒山绿化、城市园林绿化亟待推广的灌木后起之秀。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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固土

欧李是一种极其抗旱抗病虫的灌木树种,适应能力强,可耐-35℃低温,有极强的固土保水作用。可以在平地、山坡地pH值8以下的地区种植,也可以在乔木果树行间、梯田地边种植。欧李是一种短平快绿化荒山、治理水土流失的的树种,随着在大西北、华北、东北等地区的推广栽种,它必将会对中国的干旱地区农业持续发展做出重要贡献。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

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饲料

欧李茎叶营养价值高,不仅含有牛羊生长发育所需要的糖、蛋白质等一般营养物质,更是牛羊骨骼发育的重要补钙来源。开发欧李,可考虑与畜牧业结合以提高种植的综合经济效益。茂盛的枝叶可为畜牧业发展提供良好优质饲草。自古以来,农民就有用欧李饲养牛羊的习惯。同其它青草相比,牛羊食用后增重快。此外,欧李春季花多、花期长,所以又是良好的蜜源,大面积栽种可产生更大的经济效益。 [3]cript/UEeditor/themes/default/images/anchor.gif") left center no-repeat scroll transparent; cursor: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 15px; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -50px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;" alt="" /> 

 
 
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